Creep ... Concrete

Gang, though in the outline, I did not discuss `creep' in our talk today. You need to know what it is - it is basically `plastic' deformation / deflection due to long term load. You can read about it in the book - but the book is more heady (p. 13-14 and 275 for concrete). Plastic meaning permanent (or non-elastic). In concrete members the creep (long term deflection) can be up to 2x the initial deflection (or total being 3x). All the more it leads to deflection problems / challenges in concrete structures ... and is generally mitigated by what is called `compression steel'.